大葱（Allium fistulosum L．）花蕾培养再生植株的研究

以大葱花蕾培养，成功地诱导出再生植株。附加ＮＡＡ４ｍｇ·ｌ－１和ＢＡ５．５ｍｇ·ｌ－１的ＭＳ培养基适于诱导愈伤组织；附加ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ·ｌ－１和ＢＡ１ｍｇ·ｌ－１的ＭＳ培养基最易于诱导不定芽；在无任何激素的ＭＳ培养基上不定芽的生根状况良好。经检验，再生植株均为二倍体，保持了大葱染色体固有的数目。利用此项技术，２５０天内的繁殖系数可达１６３４８倍。     

羊草草原枯枝落叶中矿质元素的动态分析

在羊草原上，因植物的枯死，输入到枯枝落叶中的矿质元素钙、镁、铁、钠、铜、锰、锌分别为０．８７６、０．８０８、０．２６１０．１１０、０．００４、０．０２６、０．０１３ｇ／（ｍ＾２．ａ），经过１ａ分解后，枯枝落叶各元素向土壤中释放的速率分别为５５％、３４％、３２％、５７％、３１％、５４％２２％。目前，枯枝落叶中矿质元素处于积累阶段，输入量大于输出量，达到稳定状态条件下，枯枝落叶中元素的含量分别为１．５     

大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的室内毒力及田间防效

采用大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖进行了室内及田间药效试验,结果表明大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的致死中浓度(LC50)为1 038.60 mg/L,50%大蒜精油100~250倍液对灰茶尺蠖低龄幼虫具有良好的速效性和持效性,建议生产中可在灰茶尺蠖1~2龄幼虫发生期喷施100~250倍液大蒜精油。这一结果为开发大蒜精油作为茶树主要害虫的新型低毒高效植物源药剂提供了依据。     

Phytochemical composition of onion during long-term storage

Onion cultivar “Sunpower” has growing popularity in Korea due to high storability. The present study considers changes in flavonols, sugars, and two amino acids in onion bulbs during a long-term storage in the ambient dark storage room and in glasshouse equipped with a climate control system. Flavonol and sugar contents were found to fluctuate noticeably during the storage period. Amino acid content remained relatively unchanged till the onset of inner sprouting, increasing afterward. Visible sprouts appeared at week 22 in the dark storage room and for four weeks later in the glasshouse. The bulbs lost 20–30% of their weight depending on storage conditions at the end of the storage trials. At the same time, the content of nutraceutics in study expressed on the dry weight basis remained of the same order of magnitude. The nature of observed variations in chemical composition of onions as well as relation of this phenomenon to physiological development of stored onion bulbs is discussed. A conclusion is made that the “Sunpower” onion cannot sustain overwinter storage.     

Olfactory response of Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae) to volatiles from leek and chive: Potential for intercropping with sweet pepper

Abstract

Odour-mediated effects of leek Allium porum and chives Allium schoenoprasum (Alliaceae) on the host searching behaviour of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) were studied. In an olfactometer, odour of the host plant sweet pepper Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) was significantly attractive, whereas odour of chives was significantly repellent. Combined odour of sweet pepper and chives was neither attractive nor repellent. When sweet pepper plants were exposed to volatiles from chives for five days, their odour subsequently became repellent to M. persicae. An extract of leek plants was significantly repellent to aphids in the olfactometer, as were sweet pepper plants sprayed with this extract. Because both leek and chives can disrupt host finding by the aphid, both plants have potential for intercropping with sweet pepper. If successful in the field, such a system could bring economic benefits for farmers in the wet zone of Sri Lanka and other parts of the world.     

Independent segregation of two isozyme markers and inter-plant differences in nuclear DNA content in the interspecific backcross (Allium fistulosum L. × A. cepa L.) × A. cepa L.

Summary From backcrosses of three interspecific hybrids (A. fistulosum x A. cepa) with a. cepa 14 diploid and 2 triploid plants were recovered.In this BC1 population introgression of A. fistulosum genetic material into the A. cepa nuclear genome was studied using two isozyme markers: Got-1 and Got-2. Both loci carried two alleles. A. cepa was monomorphic for both markers. A. fistulosum was polymorphic for Got-2. Based on their Got isozyme pattern seven out of the 14 diploid BC1 plants had a recombinant genotype. The loci appeared to be unlinked. Differences were observed in nuclear DNA contents between the diploid BC1 plants, indicating that gametes produced by the interspecific hybrids contained different combinations of chromosomal material from A. cepa and A. fistulosum.Abbreviations Adh alcohol dehydrogenase - Got glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase - Idh isocitrate dehydrogenase - Pgi phosphoglucoisomerase - Pgm phosphoglucomutase     

勺夹式藠头排种器设计与试验

针对藠头（Allium chinense）种植劳动强度大、人工成本高等问题,该研究设计了一种由排种盘、取种勺、取投种凸轮、种箱、安装板等组成的勺夹式藠头排种器。对该排种器工作原理和取种、携种、投种过程进行理论分析,建立离散元仿真模型,对取种过程进行仿真分析,确定了最优种勺结构。以大叶藠为对象,以取种合格率和漏取率为试验指标,进行种勺直径、种勺深度、取种起始角、种面高度与种箱高度之比和取种速度5因素显著性筛选试验,并以种勺直径、取种起始角、种面高度与种箱高度之比为试验因素进行回归正交试验;采用Plackett-Burman试验法和Box-Behnken中心试验法建立取种合格率和漏取率的回归模型,并进行参数优化,获得最优参数组合为种勺直径27mm、取种起始角30°和种面高度与种箱高度之比92.5%。在最优参数组合下进行台架试验,得到取种合格率91.17%,漏取率6.17%。田间试验结果表明在前进速度0.1～0.2 m/s的条件下,该排种器平均播种合格率、平均重播率和漏播率分别为63.10%、12.76%和24.14%。研究结果可为藠头播种机械的研究与设计提供参考。     

大蒜花序轴离体培养的研究

以大蒜花序轴为外植体,研究了不同品种、不同生长阶段花序轴离体培养的差异和不同ｐＨ值、激素组成对花序轴培养的影响以及继代培养基种类、激素组成及糖原条件。结果表明,取未熟花序轴为外植体,其繁殖系数可高达７６;花序轴培养适宜条件为Ｂ５＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ６．５;花序轴培养效率存在品种间差异;继代培养条件为ＭＢ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＧＡ３０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ,     

盐碱胁迫对枸杞生长及根际适应能力的影响

通过水培试验研究不同盐碱胁迫条件对枸杞生长以及根际pH值和电导率的影响。结果表明:枸杞在含有NaCl的营养液中培养,随着NaCl浓度的升高,枸杞的株高、鲜质量和干质量减少,根系对根际的pH值和电导率调节能力减弱;此外,枸杞能够在1.4%NaCl水培条件下生长,1.6%NaCl以上水培条件会导致枸杞落叶直至死亡。     

濒危植物永瓣藤种子休眠与解除

永瓣藤(Monimopetalum chinense Rehd)为我国特有的单种属植物,国家二级稀有濒危保护树种,其种子具休眠特性。测定了永瓣藤种子千粒质量、含水量、吸水率和种子生活力等指标,分别采用层积、酸蚀和GA3处理种子,分析不同处理对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:永瓣藤种子千粒重为(4.504 8±0.055 8)g,含水率为13.18%±1.84%,吸水率为29.95%±1.58%,种子生活力为94.25%±0.017 1%,种子萌发实验的发芽率为0;层积时间对种子萌发影响不显著,最高仅为2.67%±1.53%,种子经50%H2SO4处理20 min的发芽率为18.00%±3.46%,种子经250 mg/L GA3处理24 h然后再经室内层积75 d,发芽率达到72.67%±7.02%,对照仅为1.67%±1.15%,永瓣藤种子休眠首次有效破除。永瓣藤种子休眠可能与种皮障碍有关,种子内可能存在活性较强的内源抑制物质是引起种子休眠的重要原因,GA3处理能有效解除其种子休眠。